She may not remember your name today. She still knows she is loved.
That’s the message Professor Rayne Stroebel, dementia expert, CEO of Geratec and PhD in Dementia Studies, wants every South African family to hear. Dementia is one of the most misunderstood health challenges facing older adults, and recognising it begins with a simple truth: dementia is not a normal part of ageing, and not every memory lapse is dementia.
In this webinar, Marilyn Hallett speaks with Professor Stroebel about the realities of dementia, the myths that continue to cause fear and confusion, and the practical steps we can take to reduce risk and support those living with the condition.
“If the video doesn’t appear, you can watch it directly on YouTube here.”
Key Takeaways from the Webinar
Dementia is more common than many people realise
Globally, around 57 million people were living with dementia in 2021. That number is expected to reach 139 million by 2050.
While South Africa lacks reliable national prevalence data, Professor Stroebel suggests that approximately 1 in 5 people over the age of 65 may develop dementia during their lifetime.
Not every memory problem is dementia
One of the strongest messages from the webinar is that dementia is a diagnosis by exclusion.
Many conditions can mimic dementia symptoms, including:
- Depression
- Delirium
- Hearing loss
- Urinary tract infections
- Thyroid disorders
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Sleep deprivation
- Medication side effects
- Dehydration
This is why professional medical assessment is essential before assuming dementia is the cause.
Dementia affects the brain, not the person’s humanity
Professor Stroebel emphasises that dementia damages brain function but does not erase the person.
People living with dementia continue to experience:
- Emotions
- Love
- Fear
- Comfort
- Connection
- Dignity
As he explains, consciousness is never lost. The challenge is often finding new ways to connect.
The way we respond matters
Families often unintentionally increase distress by:
- Speaking over people
- Correcting them constantly
- Excluding them from conversations
- Making decisions without involving them
Supporting autonomy, identity and meaningful relationships can significantly improve quality of life. For more on the emotional weight of caregiving, YEI’s earlier feature on dementia caregivers explores this in depth.
Up to half of dementia risk may be modifiable
Research published in The Lancet Commission suggests that up to 45% to 50% of dementia cases may be linked to modifiable risk factors, including untreated hearing loss, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, diabetes, loneliness, depression, obesity and air pollution.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is dementia a normal part of ageing?
No. While age increases risk, dementia is not a normal or inevitable part of ageing.
Is dementia hereditary?
Not usually. Some genetic factors may increase risk, but having a family history does not mean you will develop dementia.
Can dementia be prevented?
is currently no guaranteed prevention, but research suggests that addressing lifestyle and health factors may significantly reduce risk.
What is the difference between dementia, depression and delirium?
All three conditions can produce similar symptoms. This is why professional assessment is important before reaching conclusions.
Does a person with dementia know what is happening around them?
Often yes. People living with dementia may continue to experience emotions, relationships and awareness even when communication becomes more difficult.
Research Mentioned
The Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention, Intervention and Care (2024)
One of the most influential reports in dementia research, identifying 14 modifiable risk factors that may reduce dementia risk.
World Health Organization Definition of Dementia
The webinar highlights the WHO’s position that consciousness is not lost in dementia, reinforcing the importance of dignity-centred care.
Gut Health and Brain Health
An emerging area of research explores the relationship between gut health and cognitive function.
Professor Stroebel discusses evidence suggesting that:
- A healthy gut supports brain health
- Omega-3 fatty acids may support cognition
- Mediterranean-style eating patterns may reduce risk
- Diets rich in vegetables, legumes, healthy fats and fish may contribute to better long-term brain health
While research continues, the connection between nutrition and brain function is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore.
Resources and Support
If you or someone you love is navigating a dementia diagnosis, you don’t have to do it alone. These organisations offer guidance, support groups and practical help.
South African Resources
Alzheimer’s South Africa
Dementia SA
South African Depression and Anxiety Group (SADAG)
International Resources
World Health Organization Dementia Information
Alzheimer’s Disease International
If this article has raised questions or concerns, we encourage you to watch the full conversation with Professor Rayne Stroebel for a deeper understanding of dementia, caregiving, ageing and brain health.
The future of ageing is not only about living longer. It is about living with dignity, connection and purpose.